Standing on the Right Side of History, A Record of President Xi Jinping Attending the 19th G20 Summit and State Visit to Brazil
People’s Daily
November 27, 2024, 10:25 AM
On the morning of November 21, local time, as President Xi Jinping’s plane ascended into the dawn sky from Brasília, Brazil’s capital, the longest and farthest-reaching diplomatic mission of 2024 by a major nation was etched into history.
“All that has passed serves as a prologue.”
This marks a new beginning for the “China-Latin America Era.” President Xi’s state visits to Peru and Brazil, along with his intensive interactions with Latin American leaders, have charted a course for broader horizons in China-Latin America relations.
This also represents a new milestone in the historic transformation of China’s relations with the world. At the 31st APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting and the 19th G20 Summit, two globally significant multilateral platforms, President Xi delivered pivotal speeches. These speeches painted a vision of a just world and outlined China’s positions and actions.
From November 14 to 16 in Lima, Peru, and from November 17 to 21 in Rio de Janeiro and Brasília, Brazil, these days and cities left their mark on Chinese diplomacy. China’s decision and actions to “stand on the right side of history” are guiding the world forward.
The world, through these new diplomatic stories, is listening to and understanding China:
- It hears the great nation’s compassion, “rooted in concern for humanity’s future and a commitment to the well-being of people.”
- It recognizes China’s resolve to “gather greater strength for advancing global prosperity and creating a better future for humanity.”
The Global Resonance of China’s Story
Morning of November 18, Local Time — The First Session of the Rio de Janeiro Summit
The G20 Summit, a gathering pivotal to shaping the global order and reflecting its transformation, returned once again to Latin America.
In Rio de Janeiro, leaders of the world’s major economies, representing two-thirds of the global population, 85% of global GDP, and 80% of global trade, convened under a spotlight of worldwide attention.
The summit venue, a modern art museum embodying the fusion of history and culture, was bustling early on. Leaders of G20 member states, heads of international and regional organizations, and special guests invited by the host country began to arrive.
President Xi Jinping was one of the last to arrive, making a grand entrance. His motorcade passed along the coastal Avenida Guanabara, greeted by crowds waving Chinese and Brazilian flags. Upon his arrival, Brazilian President Lula warmly welcomed him with an embrace, a gesture reflective of their long-standing rapport.
The summit’s theme was prominently displayed on the backdrop: “Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet.”
In an era of intertwined upheavals and rapid changes unseen in a century, the concepts of justice and sustainability are invaluable. On one hand, the “Global South” increasingly voices its desire for more equitable opportunities for development — a growing, resonant demand on the international stage. On the other hand, the old global order remains unbroken, as unilateralism and trade protectionism continue attempts to fragment the world.
Among the shared development challenges facing the Global South, hunger and poverty rank at the forefront. Brazil, as the G20’s rotating chair, prioritized this perspective in its unique agenda setting, launching the Global Alliance to Combat Hunger and Poverty during the first session of the summit.
President Xi delivered the fifth speech of the session, stating:
“From Hangzhou to Rio de Janeiro, we are united in pursuit of the same goal — building a just world where development is shared.”
In his remarks, President Xi reflected on the legacy of the Hangzhou Summit in 2016, where development issues were first prominently incorporated into the global macroeconomic policy framework. Despite the challenges of the past eight years, China has remained steadfast in advancing its development and leading efforts to foster the progress of the Global South.
China’s story of poverty alleviation is one of the most inspiring chapters in the global development narrative. When President Xi spoke of China’s achievement of lifting 800 million people out of poverty — surpassing the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals well ahead of schedule — many participants expressed admiration. He shared:
“I have worked at all levels of government in China, from villages to provinces to the central level. Poverty alleviation has been a central task throughout my career, and one I was determined to accomplish.”
This monumental achievement is not only a testament to China’s cumulative experience and innovative methods in poverty reduction but also a source of hope and confidence for the Global South, which aspires to escape poverty.
President Xi elaborated:
“China’s journey out of poverty shows that the problems of poverty in developing countries can be solved with resilience, persistence, and determination. If China can succeed, other developing countries can too. This is the global significance of China’s victory in the battle against poverty.”
A Great Nation’s Magnitude Lies in its Vision, Responsibility, and Compassion.
From promoting the high-quality Belt and Road Initiative to implementing the Global Development Initiative, supporting African development, and advancing global cooperation in poverty reduction and food security, President Xi announced China’s Eight Actions for Supporting Global Development. These measures have been praised as a comprehensive policy package targeting the Global South and fostering international cooperation for development.
“China does not seek to stand out alone but to prosper alongside others, striving for modernity with all developing nations.”
“China has always been a member of the Global South, a reliable long-term partner of developing countries, and a proactive supporter of global development.”
The hall erupted in sustained applause as President Xi concluded his speech. “A historic address,” one attendee remarked. Several foreign dignitaries requested copies of the speech, and international organizations promptly sought to coordinate with China on implementing the Eight Actions.
Outside the conference hall, at the group photo session, the host broke with convention and invited President Xi to the central area of the lineup. Against the backdrop of Rio de Janeiro’s azure seas and skies, another historic moment was immortalized.
The Constructive Force in Global Governance
Afternoon of November 18, Local Time — The Second Session of the Rio de Janeiro Summit
The second session of the summit began with the theme: “Reform of Global Governance Institutions.”
Over its 16-year history, the G20 Leaders’ Summit has forged a legacy of unity, from addressing the global financial crisis to combatting climate change and enhancing global governance. These cooperative achievements have left an indelible mark on history.
“Standing at a new starting point, the G20 should continue to serve as a force for improving global governance and advancing historical progress.”
On the afternoon of November 18, President Xi Jinping delivered a significant speech titled “Joining Hands to Build a Fair and Rational Global Governance System.” This comprehensive discourse laid out China’s vision for reforming global governance:
It called for improving governance in key areas, including economics, finance, trade, digital technology, and ecology, aligned with creating a world economy that is cooperative, stable, open, innovative, and environmentally friendly.
Two dimensions highlight the significance and value of China’s proposals:
- Action-Oriented Solutions: President Xi emphasized the importance of addressing root causes while tackling pressing issues. In a world increasingly divided between globalization and anti-globalization, the G20 must make the right choices. Priorities include promoting trade and investment liberalization, avoiding the politicization of economic issues, preventing artificial divisions in global markets, and resisting protectionism disguised as green initiatives. These priorities reflect not only China’s stance but also a growing consensus among nations.
The urgency of immediate challenges must be balanced with the need to harness long-term momentum. The new wave of technological and industrial revolutions presents unprecedented opportunities for economic growth. Enhancing global digital governance, advancing international cooperation on artificial intelligence, and championing “technology for good” emerged as key calls during the session.
- Value-Based Vision: The direction of reform must be guided by fairness and justice.
Today’s governance deficits often stem from inequities in power structures. As global dynamics evolve, the transformation of long-overdue governance systems has become imperative.
In this context, President Xi asserted:
“Building a just world requires the G20 to adhere to principles of mutual respect, equal cooperation, and shared benefits, and to support the Global South in achieving greater development.”
Resounding Support for China’s Vision
Inside and outside the conference, President Xi’s proposals were met with widespread affirmation and endorsement:
- “President Xi’s speech injected crucial impetus into advancing global governance in a more just and rational direction,” noted one attendee.
- “We highly appreciate President Xi’s insightful perspectives on global governance reform and look forward to strengthening collaboration with China,” added another leader.
This moment echoed the ancient wisdom: “He who holds the great form attracts all under heaven.”
The Summit Declaration
By noon on November 19, the Rio de Janeiro summit concluded with a historic declaration, a product of intense consultations among all parties.
Commitments included creating conditions for sustainable, inclusive, and resilient global development, accelerating industrialization and modernization in developing countries, and providing people-centered healthcare services.
These ideas align increasingly with China’s new governance strategies and policies. For instance, the continuation of initiatives launched during the Hangzhou Summit, such as the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries, reinforces the historical linkage from Hangzhou to Rio. This is another testament to China’s role in multilateral diplomacy.
A Distinct Contribution from China
China’s influence goes beyond policy proposals. Its enduring efforts to enhance the representation and voice of developing countries in global affairs have borne fruit. President Xi was the first to advocate for the African Union’s inclusion in the G20. For the first time, the African Union officially took its place at the table, amplifying the “Global South’s voice” in global governance.
Bilateral Moments on the Multilateral Stage
From the Morning of November 18 to Noon on November 19: Seven Bilateral Meetings
Like-minded partners are those who share common goals, but partners can also be those who, while differing in some ways, can still work together. The bilateral moments on the multilateral stage combine both moments of competition and moments of mutual cooperation, showcasing both strategic maneuvering and bonds of friendship.
Outside of the main summit agenda, President Xi Jinping held seven bilateral meetings during this period.
November 18: Early Morning
Before the sunlight had completely dissipated from the shimmering waves on the ocean, the British motorcade arrived at President Xi’s hotel.
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer entered the meeting room. After handshakes, photo opportunities, and seating, both leaders began to discuss how to “write the next chapter in the healthy and stable development of China-UK relations.”
Later on, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese entered the meeting room.
“Ten years ago today, I was on a state visit to Australia,” President Xi reflected warmly, which added a personal touch to the atmosphere.
Over the past decade, China-Australia relations have not been without their challenges. However, the current momentum toward improvement is hard-won, and President Xi emphasized that the right choice moving forward is to continue to engage in mutual cooperation. He called for building a more mature, stable, and fruitful China-Australia comprehensive strategic partnership. Prime Minister Albanese responded positively.
On the same day, during the summit, President Xi found time to meet with Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. The next day, starting from the morning and continuing until just before the summit’s closing, he met with several other leaders: German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, French President Emmanuel Macron, Bolivian President Luis Arce, and Argentine President Javier Milei.
Seven Meetings, with Cooperation as a Common Thread
In each of these meetings, the main theme was cooperation, which is always at the heart of such bilateral discussions.
Cooperation on Trade and Economy
One central issue was the question of whether to embrace trade protectionism or to support an open world economy.
With China and Germany being the world’s second and third largest economies, respectively, “continuing the mutually beneficial cooperation story” is crucial for global economic recovery. Recently, the European Union’s tariff hike on Chinese electric vehicles has sparked global concerns. Both China and Germany agreed that dialogue and negotiations should be pursued to resolve this issue quickly.
When discussing China-Mexico relations, President Xi stressed that both countries advocate for inclusive and shared global economic development. President López Obrador expressed strong agreement, noting, “I fully agree with your assessment of our two countries’ relations.” As supporters and defenders of economic globalization and free trade, both China and Australia are working together to oppose protectionism, which not only benefits their own development but also contributes to the revitalization of the Asia-Pacific region.
Cooperation on International and Regional Affairs
Another critical issue addressed was whether to prioritize multilateralism or unilateralism in the current global context.
In the face of a complex and changing international situation, President Xi and French President Macron reached further consensus. They agreed to strengthen strategic communication, mutual support, and maintain steady and positive development in China-France relations. This cooperation strengthens China-EU relations and provides more momentum for global multipolarity.
As permanent members of the UN Security Council and major global economic powers, both China and the UK shoulder the responsibility of not only advancing their own national development but also addressing global challenges. President Xi emphasized the global significance of China-UK relations, and Prime Minister Starmer echoed his support for multilateralism, expressing a willingness to strengthen communication and coordination with China.
Cooperation for the “Global South”
In every partnership, there is a shared aspiration to help the Global South move towards modernization.
By firmly supporting each other’s chosen development paths, the modernization process can proceed smoothly and sustainably. President Xi emphasized China’s support for Bolivia and Argentina in exploring development models suited to their national conditions. This clear and determined stance from China earned trust from both leaders.
Bolivian President Arce expressed a desire to further deepen Bolivia’s strategic partnership with China. Argentine President Milei also stated that Argentina hopes to be a reliable and stable partner for China.
Pragmatic Cooperation with a Focus on People’s Well-being
Pragmatic cooperation is not just about economic or strategic goals; it’s about setting the direction for modernizing values. In his meetings with Bolivia, China and Bolivia agreed to align the Belt and Road Initiative with Bolivia’s 2025 development plan, particularly in infrastructure connectivity and other areas. Both sides recognized this as an opportunity to improve the welfare of their people.
Regarding Argentina, President Xi reiterated that China’s policy toward Argentina always centers on the well-being of the Argentine people. China’s cooperation with Argentina has been beneficial for the people on both sides, and Argentina is eager to strengthen cooperation in various fields.
A Snapshot of China’s Foreign Diplomacy
These bilateral moments in Rio de Janeiro are a microcosm of China’s current diplomatic approach — one where China, as a major global power, adheres to the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. It is a country that advocates for harmony, cooperation, and shared responsibility.
As a result, China is not just gaining economic and political partnerships — it is cultivating trust, friendship, and collaborative choices for the future. The expansion of China’s “circle of friends” is a testimony to its growing global influence and its commitment to multilateralism.
Mutual Understanding Across Oceans and Mountains
November 19–21: State Visit to Brazil
“Though separated by vast oceans, the steps toward mutual understanding and kinship between China and Brazil have never ceased,” remarked President Xi Jinping during his visit. This statement vividly captures the essence of China-Brazil relations.
After a decade, President Xi returned to Brazil for a state visit.
On the morning of November 20, the presidential residence, Dawn Palace, situated on the peninsula of Lake Paranoá, was vibrant with ceremonial grandeur. A detachment of 120 mounted guards in dazzling uniforms performed in sync as music and hoofbeats echoed in the air. As guards stood solemnly with ceremonial weapons, President Xi strode confidently toward the palace to greet President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and his wife, who awaited him with warmth.
The atmosphere was enriched by a special performance: a Brazilian artist sang “My Motherland” in Chinese. The melody, carefully chosen, symbolized the deep bonds between the two nations. The display of mutual respect and admiration was a poignant reflection of the friendship shared by China and Brazil.
A year earlier, when President Lula visited China, a Brazilian song titled “New Era” played during the welcoming ceremony at the Great Hall of the People, leaving many in his delegation deeply moved. That moment remained etched in President Lula’s memory.
Half a Century of Diplomatic Relations
Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, China and Brazil have set an example of cooperation between two major developing nations. Currently, at a historical high point, the relationship stands on the cusp of a new era.
On this day, two pivotal documents were signed by the two leaders, marking a milestone in the history of China-Brazil relations and offering insight into the next “Golden 50 Years.”
A New Framework: Joint Declaration
The first document was a joint declaration establishing a new framework for China-Brazil relations.
“Brazil is the tropical China,” a saying widely known in Brazil, encapsulates the strong cultural and emotional resonance between the peoples of the two nations. President Xi observed, “China and Brazil are like-minded friends and cooperative partners, sharing a natural affinity and a common pursuit of the good.”
The steady deepening of their relations led naturally to a redefined partnership. The two leaders jointly announced the elevation of their ties to the level of a China-Brazil Community of Shared Future for a Just World and a Sustainable Planet.
This new positioning, aimed at creating a fairer world and a greener future, marks a fresh bilateral expansion of the concept of a global community with a shared future, opening new avenues for collaboration and growth.
Blueprint for Action: Belt and Road Cooperation Plan
The second document was a cooperation plan to align Brazil’s development strategies with China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
As two major developing countries, China and Brazil have forged extensive and practical cooperation over the years, covering everything from the skies to the seas. Their collaboration on projects like the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite, which helps protect Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, and the Belo Monte ultra-high voltage transmission line, dubbed Brazil’s “electric highway,” illustrates their mutually beneficial partnership. Chinese new energy vehicles are also highly popular among Brazilian consumers.
Strategic Synergy for the Future
Brazil’s current development initiatives — including the “Accelerated Growth Program,” “New Industrial Plan,” “Ecological Transformation Plan,” and “South American Integration Plan” — align closely with the goals of the Belt and Road Initiative. Strategic alignment will support Brazil’s reindustrialization and bolster South American integration efforts.
During the visit, China and Brazil signed over 30 agreements, with early successes in aligning their development strategies becoming evident. Compared to similar visits five or ten years ago, this trip saw broader cooperative visions encompassing not only traditional areas but also new sectors such as energy transition, digital economy, artificial intelligence, and green minerals.
The common thread throughout these efforts is a shared commitment to mutual development and a desire to improve people’s lives.
Commitment to the Global South
China and Brazil are not only bilateral partners but also champions of the Global South. President Xi referred to the rise of the Global South as one of the greatest narratives of our time, emphasizing the need for China and Brazil to “be golden partners for mutual achievement.” Their cooperation extends beyond bilateral interests to regional and international arenas.
Reaffirming China-Latin America Cooperation
President Xi underscored the importance of the China-Latin America Forum, which he helped establish a decade ago in Brasília. He expressed hope that Brazil and China would continue to support the forum to achieve even greater outcomes. President Lula eagerly responded, saying he looks forward to attending the next forum in China.
Addressing Global Challenges Together
China and Brazil have already made strides in addressing major global issues. Earlier this year, they reached a six-point consensus on the political resolution of the Ukraine crisis and initiated the “Friends of Peace” group with other Global South countries to address international conflicts.
During their joint press conference, both leaders revisited these efforts. President Xi reiterated:
“Both China and Brazil have traditions of upholding justice and moral principles. Together, we will enrich the contemporary meaning of the China-Brazil Community of Shared Future, defend genuine multilateralism, and jointly voice a strong call for development over poverty, cooperation over confrontation, and justice over hegemony. Let us work hand in hand to create a better world.”
A Latin American Journey Through Different Perspectives
November 14–21: Seven Nights in Latin America
From the moment President Xi Jinping’s plane touched down in Lima, Peru, to when it ascended from Brasília, Brazil, he spent seven pivotal days in Latin America.
Looking back, it was in 1996 that Xi, then Deputy Secretary of the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee and Secretary of the Fuzhou Municipal Committee, first set foot on Brazilian soil. He recalled, “I spent New Year’s Day 1996 on this journey.” During that trip, he traveled to Fortaleza near the equator, representing Fujian Province to sign a memorandum of understanding on establishing a sister province relationship with Ceará State.
Twenty-eight years have passed. China is no longer the same country it was, nor is the world the same. Those who once fostered China-Latin America friendship have now become the pioneers, drivers, and architects of China-Latin America cooperation in the new era.
A Global Perspective on Xi’s Visit
The world has been observing President Xi’s trip to Latin America through different lenses. Some see it as a response to global uncertainties, noting that “the future is fraught with challenges, but China remains a stabilizing force committed to peace and development.” Others focus on China’s growing influence, asserting that “this visit underscores China’s expanding role in Latin America and its increasing prominence in trade agreements and global platforms.”
Though differing in focus, these interpretations are two sides of the same coin.
In an era where uncertainty looms large, nations are reexamining the role of major powers. China, stepping closer to center stage on the global scene, is becoming a critical constructive force. Its clear vision, leadership, and consistent actions, combined with its sense of global responsibility, position it as a beacon in an era of doubt and unease.
Addressing Critical Issues
- Great-Power Relations:
New dynamics in relations between major nations demand a broad vision for global stability. During his Latin America trip, President Xi held a 1 hour and 45-minute meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden. Xi’s “Four Constants” reaffirmed China’s stability and offered a thoughtful framework of seven insights for managing present and future U.S.-China relations. The question of whether to pursue confrontation or cooperation was answered through China’s proactive stance as a source of global certainty and positive energy. - Global Crises:
The crises in Ukraine and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict continue to demand political solutions through international collaboration. Xi emphasized that “global security governance is a vital part of global governance” and that “only through a comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security approach can universal peace be achieved.” His comments pointed to the root causes of these crises, offering pathways to peace and building international consensus.
Charting a Path for Development
- On the APEC platform, Xi explored the trends of economic globalization, reaffirming China’s unwavering commitment to reform and opening up. He declared, “Reform and opening up is a historical process of shared development and progress for China and the world.”
- On the G20 stage, he called for improving global governance and building an open world economy. China, through its actions, continues to lead by example in promoting inclusive and equitable globalization.
A Voice for Multilateralism and Cooperation
China champions the G20’s principles of partnership and genuine multilateralism, urging adherence to the UN Charter’s principles and maintaining the international order based on international law. Xi proposed that China and Brazil jointly spearhead efforts to address global challenges, aligning with the vision of a fairer, more interconnected world.
A New Chapter in Global Engagement
This journey marked a pivotal moment for China’s engagement with the world. It affirmed China’s active role in steering the tides of history toward progress, much like a river’s unyielding flow or a mountain’s steadfast presence.
Latin American poets once wrote, “We must traverse loneliness, hardship, isolation, and silence to reach enchanting destinations.” Xi’s journey, reflecting on ancient civilizations and long historical cycles, sought commonality and understanding between peoples, while guiding the evolution of the global order toward a future of shared progress and harmony.
A Universal Mission
President Lula of Brazil captured the shared sentiment of many nations:
“President Xi is a model for the world — striving for the people’s welfare, upholding social justice, advocating for peace over war, cooperation over confrontation, and creation over destruction.”
As Xi declared to the world:
“Let us strengthen unity and cooperation, confront global challenges together, and build a community with a shared future for mankind. Together, we can foster global prosperity and create a brighter future for all.”
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